Christian Retschlag (1836-1908)

TITLE PAGE

 

Introduction

 

PART 1:

 BYRNES FAMILY

 

ANCESTORS’ CHARTS :

(Parents of Peter Byrnes):

Thomas Byrnes

Lily Dance

 

 

INDIVIDUAL SUMMARIES

 (Scroll down for full list):

Line of Descent

to Peter Byrnes

Christian Retschlag

(Great Grandfather)

Amalia Retschlag

Amelia 'Lily' Dance

Peter Byrnes

 

From a painting of Christian and his wife Emilie

Photo: courtesy Neville Eveans

 

Father

 Christian RETCHSLAG [1]
Mother Dorothea HEYER (b 1811, Germany)
Birth  c1840 in Drense, Uckermark region, East Prussia
Occupation Farmer
Immigration to Australia, 1863-4
Death  Mar 29 1908 in Haigslea, Queensland (age 73)
   
Marriage Emilie Christina LEIDER (1860, Groß Friedenwalde, Uckermark, Prussia)
Children 

(first son, died in Germany before 1863)

(second son, died in Germany before 1863)

Christian RETCHSLAG (Jan 25 1865-Feb 8 1865)

Emilie Christine RETCHSLAG (Jan 25 1865-Feb 6 1865)

Friedrich RETCHSLAG (Jul 11 1866-Feb 24 1935)

Zara Wilhelmina RETCHSLAG (Nov 11 1868-Feb 2 1869)

Emilia Wilhelmina RETCHSLAG (Jun 11 1870-May 21 1871)

Amalia Christina RETCHSLAG (Oct 5 1871 - Sept 15, 1903, married William Dance 1888 at Walloon, near Marburg

Meana RETCHSLAG (May 30 1873-Jun 6 1873)

Annie RETCHSLAG (Apr 28 1874 -)

Carl RETCHSLAG (Jul 19 1876-Aug 27 1956)

Amelia RETCHSLAG (bef Jan 22 1878-Jan 22 1878)

Anna RETCHSLAG (Jul 22 1879-Dec 31, c1948)

Christian and his wife Emilie were the first of our German ancestors to arrive in Australia.  He had been born in Drense, in the northern region of East Germany known as the Uckermark in 1836, the son of Christian and Dorothea Retschlag.

The Uckermark, today only a short distance from the Polish border, was one of the poorest areas of northern Germany.  One writer has said of it in the 1860s-70s that:

Large families were crowded into incredibly small houses. Menial work on farms was available but jobs were fast disappearing.  The future was bleak.  The prospect of owning land and building a home soon after arriving in the new land was a tremendous incentive.[2]

Eastern Germany, showing the Uckermark region, the homeland of Christian Retschlag and his wife Emilie.

 

In 1860, Christian and Emilie Leider married in the Uckermark village of Groß Friedenwalde, north of Berlin. 

In 2002, Groß Friedenwalde was still a small village, with a couple of more modern houses the probable only difference from Christian and Emilie’s era.   A cobbled road, and tree-branch signpost (below) are just as they would have been 160 years earlier.  It is surrounded by a lush, fertile-looking countryside, but the lack of capital infrastructure said to be the result of the post-World War 2 years of Soviet domination, is evident everywhere.  Visitors to Groß Friedenwalde today note the apparent absence of young people in the district, a lack which extends to the other villages in the Uckermark. region. 

 

 

(left) An old signpost still points the way in archaic Germanic script to Christian and Emilie’s village of Groß Friedenwalde in East Germany

 

 

 

 

After only a few years of married life and the deaths of two infant children in Groß Friedenwalde, the couple made the decision to set sail for the new world, to make a new life for themselves.  

 Then in their late twenties, Christian and Emilie took passage on theSusanne Godeffroy from Hamburg in 1863, arriving in Moreton Bay, Queensland on January 15, 1864.  This was the Susanne Godeffroy's maiden voyage, after it had been built at Lubeck in Germany.

It was probably a fairly comfortable voyage, and most of the migrants arrived at Moreton Bay in good health.  The Ship's Health Officer, Dr. Hobbs recommended that as there was no serious epidemic on board, it was not necessary for the ship or its passengers to be placed in quarantine

The Susanne Godeffroy, 1863-1880.

Seventeen years after her maiden voyage, on which the young Retschlags emigrated to Australia, the Susanne Godeffroy fell on hard times.

Evidence at a Marine Board of Inquiry showed that by 1880, the vessel was "totally unfit to handle even the most ordinary perils of the sea", and this was the prime cause of her shipwreck, just north of Newcastle.]

 The lure that brought the Retschlags to Queensland was the settlement scheme devised by the fledgling state government that offered, under the Land Act of 1860, £18 to newly arrived settlers for the purchase of Crown Lands.

To start with, Christian and Emilie didn't venture far from the German colony, known as "German Station", which had sprung up towards the mouth of Brisbane River, near the present-day suburb of Nundah.

At Nundah, the couple's attempts to start a family were ill-fated - another three babies died, including twins - only one child from this period, a son Frederick, survived.

In 1868, the state government passed another Land Act, this time opening the Rosewood Scrub area west of Ipswich, to selectors.  So, five years after their arrival, Christian and Emilie ventured on to the land west of Ipswich, to their first selection at Vernor, near Lowood. This move was swiftly cancelled in favour of another block, of 106 acres at Fernvale.  This, too, Christian also amended, finally on March 31, 1870, applying for 80 acres in the Walloon Scrub, near the embryonic village of Marburg.  The area later became known as Kirchheim, before it lost its Germanic name in the hysteria of World War 1 to become the more patriotic Haigslea.

In contrast to its pleasant rolling hills and valleys of the early 21st century, the Scrub, described by explorer Allan Cunningham as “impervious brushes”, was still virtually a rugged frontier land within just 50 kilometres of Brisbane. 

The German pioneers have been largely given the credit for recognizing the potential of the soil in the vine-entangled Rosewood Scrub, after the more accessible areas had been picked up by settlers from the British Isles.[3]  By 1870, the aborigines of the area had largely disappeared from the open country; the Rosewood Scrub was the last refuge of a race reduced by disease, loss of tribal lands,[4] and conflicts with the newcomers, so Christian and Emilie may well have had some contact with the original inhabitants, at least during their first years in the Scrub.

 Clearing the Rosewood Scrub in the 1870s

from German Settlement in the Rosewood Scrub: A Pictorial History, compiled by Frank Snar Rosewood Scrub Historical Society, 1997

During the 1870s, Christian leased the land at Haigslea for £3 a year for 10 years, developing it into a productive farm and pastoral property, and built a house and kitchen of sawn hardwood.  In 1871, he had also selected another nearby homestead block of a similar size, and by 1880, was able to buy the two blocks outright.  By that time, his first selection consisted of 20 acres of agricultural land where he grew corn, oats, lucerne, pumpkins, potatoes and cotton, and 60 acres of pastoral land, on which he grazed cattle.

The years on their farm saw the family grow with another three children surviving, although four more died in childhood.  Of Christian and Emilie's 13 children, only four, including Amalia Christina, were to grow to adulthood. When she was only 16, Amalia married a young Englishman, William Dance, who had gone to work for her father in a butcher shop in Marburg,[5] before William himself took up a farm in the district.  Christian gave his son-in-law a helping hand along the way to financial success in the Colony (Christian's will shows that a debt owed to him by William was to be forgiven.)

Christian's experience in Australia must have encouraged his widowed mother, and brother and sister back home in Germany.  His mother Dorothea, sister Ernestine and her husband Wilhelm Grunow and one year old daughter Anna, all made the voyage south on the Herschel in 1872.  Christian sponsored the immigration of his mother, then aged 58.  They were followed by Christian and Ernestine's young brother Wilhelm Frederick Carl, who brought out his family in 1878, on a later voyage of the Herschel. Christian himself died in March 1908 of exhaustion and heart failure, nine months before Emilie- they are buried together in the Marburg Lutheran cemetery.

The Retschlag homestead at Haigslea.

This gracious home was built in 1908 by Christian's eldest surviving son, William, on the site of an earlier structure erected by Christian.  William's grandson Earle Retschlag (son of William's youngest son Leslie) and his wife Frances live in the homestead (2000).

(NB: Much of this information was obtained by other Retschlag researchers including Neville Eveans in his research into the Retschlag family and its descendants in Australia [6] and Catherine Retschlag, wife of Noel Retschlag, one of Christian's direct descendants.  The research of members of the Rosewood Scrub Historical Society, gathered by Frank Snar, was a major source of many details of the Germanic settlement of the Marburg area.)

[1] Dates and places listed for Christian’s birth, death and marriage come from Christian’s death certificate.

[2] Frank Snar, German Settlement in the Rosewood Scrub: A Pictorial History, Rosewood Scrub Historical Society, 1997

[3] As above p 8-11.

[4] Fred Gutzske, quoted by Frank Snar, as above.

[5]  From Christian's great grandson, George Wilson, of Toowoomba (January 2000)

[6]  Neville Eveans, Retschlag Descendants in Australia 1864 - 1999, published by Neville Eveans, Silkstone, 1999